Report on Albania

Introduction

This report explores attitudes towards gender roles and immigration in Albania using data from the European Value Study (EVS) 2017. Key variables analyzed include v72 and v80, which respectively measure perceptions on maternal employment effects and job priority during scarcity. We will incorporates demographic information such as age, sex, and education level for a comprehensive analyses.

  • v72 - Child suffers with working mother
    • Question: When a mother works for pay, the children suffer
    • Scale: 1 (Strongly agree) to 4 (Strongly disagree)
  • v80 - Jobs are scarce:giving…(nation)priority
    • Question: When jobs are scarce, employers should give priority to [Nationality] people over immigrants”
    • Scale: 1 (Strongly agree) to 4 (Strongly disagree)

Descriptive Analysis

Below tables are descriptive statistics for both continuous (v72, v80, age) and categorical variables (sex, education) in Albania.

Summary Statistics for v72 and v80
Variables Mininum 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Maximum
v72 1 2 2 2.27800 3 4
v80 1 1 2 2.01900 2 5
age 18 32 46 45.58392 58 82
Summary Statistics for sex and education
variable value frequency proportion
sex Male 530 0.0089
sex Female 905 0.0152
education lower 646 0.4502
education medium 577 0.4021
education higher 212 0.1477

Change in Attitudes by Age

The two graphs presented below illustrates how the two variables of interest change with age in Albania. The X-axis denotes age, while the Y-axis represents the average level of disagreement for v72 and v80.

Regression models

The table below shows regression models for both attitudes towards Child suffers (v72) and Job to national (v80) in Albania. The models include respondents’ age, age squared, sex and education.

Outputs from Regression Models
  Child suffers(v72) Job to national(v80)
Intercept 2.69*** 2.32***
  (0.03) (0.04)
Age -0.00** -0.00
  (0.00) (0.00)
Age Squared -0.00 -0.00
  (0.00) (0.00)
Female 0.06*** -0.03**
  (0.01) (0.01)
Education:medium 0.12*** -0.04*
  (0.01) (0.01)
Education:higher 0.40*** 0.42***
  (0.01) (0.02)
Education:other 0.55*** 0.47***
  (0.10) (0.14)
R2 0.05 0.03
Adj. R2 0.05 0.03
Num. obs. 57460 57999
***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05 
## Based on the model above, it appears that the sex variable has a significant impact on v72. It shows that females are more likely to disagree that the child suffers if the mother works by 0.06 compared to males, showing a positive relationship. (p<0.05)
## Based on the model above, it appears that the sex variable has a significant impact on v80. It shows that females are less likely to disagree that a national should have priority for jobs when these are scarce by around -0.03 compared to males, showing a negative relationship (p<0.05).